Ernest Gomez | Realizing that it's all in your head
Allowing students to use cheat sheets in class prevents them from learning how to commit information to memory in life
· February 20, 2007, 5:00 am
When I arrived at Penn, the concept of a cheat sheet was a dream come true. In high school I had to learn material - here I get to write it down on an 8.5 x 11 inch sheet of paper and put my brain on cruise control during the exam, right?
Wrong.
Homer recited The Odyssey from beginning to end by heart. Today college students throw a tantrum when a professor refuses to give them a list of ten equations during a midterm.
A 1979 study by Dorsel and Cundiff published in the Journal of Experimental Education reported poorer student performance in exams when a cheat sheet was "made and not used, compared to when it was made and used, not made or made with the knowledge that it could not be used during testing."
The data suggests that using a cheat sheet may correlate with developing mental dependence. If students need cheat sheets to recall their personal knowledge during an exam, they won't remember their course material after they graduate.
The reason for allowing cheat sheets is understandable: professors want to teach, not punish. Cheat sheets allow professors and their assistants to minimize surveillance duties during exams.
And others also defend cheat sheets by arguing that they represent the real world, since information is readily available in books and the Internet.
But many fields such as business, law and medicine actually value knowledge; credibility is built through minimal use of references. Knowing facts by heart can make the difference between bar exam failure and a seat in the Supreme Court.
Giving a student a cheat sheet is like giving Terrell Owens a Segway so he can ride it 40 yards down the field and drop a pass. It is facilitation of failure.
If students do not understand course material, cheat sheets cannot always save them. If Owens cannot catch a pass, a Segway will not be a panacea for his incompetence. In both situations, someone loses out on a valuable opportunity for exercise.
Maybe professors have become too lazy to enforce academic integrity. Perhaps we are unaware of a conspiracy plotted by an unholy alliance between the University and the paper industry.
Regardless of its cause, the "cheat sheet" culture extends beyond academics.
I will never forget sitting down with my roommate sophomore year and helping him prepare for a date. Not only did he need a list of conversation starters for the dinner table; he needed a detailed analysis of the girl's Facebook profile before taking her out.
Pathetic? Yes. Pointless? Not at all.
My roommate and I learned two important lessons. First, when a West-Coast girl says she likes "romantic walks on the beach," the Jersey shore will not suffice. Second, obsession with preparedness can severely inhibit one's personal development.
Canned conversation starters are much like the cheat sheets, lucky socks and four-leaf clovers that compel individuals to externalize their source of success and failure. I can admit to blaming a cheat sheet for a sub-par performance on an exam, and I doubt that I am alone.
Bioengineering Professor Kenneth Foster explained that "Your benefit in the long run comes from having grappled with the material... It is the process that counts, not how much stuff you can push into short term memory for an exam, so I don't feel strongly about cheat sheets."
Cheat sheets discourage "grappling" with course content. If cheat sheets were eliminated, students would have more incentive to learn material in-depth and to manage time more efficiently.
The most practical solution would come from the instructor end by disallowing cheat sheets during exams, but no professor wants to ruin a student's future by reporting an academic integrity violation.
Nonetheless, a potential cheater shouldn't be protected at the cost of everyone's educational experience. Penn's reputation may even suffer if a student with cheating tendencies is caught being unethical in graduate school, Wall Street or academia. The administration should help professors find ways to assess performance without cheat sheets.
Dr. Foster noted that "two weeks after finishing a course, you will have forgotten 90 percent of the material."
I agree, but I believe the University should fight for every last fraction of a percent of information that its students remember - it could make the difference between an average college education and a Penn education.
Ernest Gomez is an Engineering and Wharton junior from Beverly Hill, Calif. His e-mail address is gomez@dailypennsylvanian.com. Please, Call Me Ted appears on alternate Tuesdays.




Comments (16)
Real life
December 31, 1969, 7:00 pm
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In real life you can have all the cheat sheets you want. The key is knowing how to use them.
Roy
December 31, 1969, 7:00 pm
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Ernest is completely right. Cheat sheets are a mental crutch for students. Cheat sheets encourage students to b.s. their way through an exam hoping for partial credit on topics they have not mastered. It is the hallmark of a lazy mind not to understand the difference between mastery and memorization. Furthermore, cheat sheets are not standard. Everyone's cheat sheet is different and that can have a huge impact on the final marks. Profs should give the equation sheet days before the exam so that everyone knows what information will be available and what they need to bring with them to the test.
SAS student
December 31, 1969, 7:00 pm
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I guess this means that, while all of Ernest's fellow students bring cheat sheets to class, he's not going to. Put your money where your mouth is. (And for the record, although cheat sheets may be allowed in Engineering classes, I haven't taken a single SAS class that allows them...that includes math and econ courses).
Ernest Gomez
December 31, 1969, 7:00 pm
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[QUOTE id="5d26b5be-3103-4ee6-8f20-989e23439956"]I guess this means that, while all of Ernest's fellow students bring cheat sheets to class, he's not going to. Put your money where your mouth is. (And for the record, although cheat sheets may be allowed in Engineering classes, I haven't taken a single SAS class that allows them...that includes math and econ courses).[/QUOTE] SAS student, I, like any rational student, will do whatever maximizes my grades. This is why my suggestions are directed toward professors and administrators to align grade maximization with retainment of knowledge. I am not calling for any students to join me in making a cheat sheet bonfire. I have used cheat sheets in the past, both as reassurance for knowledge I've mastered and as a crutch during an exam for which I crammed. I just feel that cheat sheets are not necessary if professors force students to use their minds to their full capacity.
Ernest Gomez
December 31, 1969, 7:00 pm
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[QUOTE id="f53ce581-d6a8-4d72-8d81-17da04a6dc94"]I don't know how it works for other subjects, but for a well-designed test in engineering or physics, cheat sheets are often necessary. It's rare that the classes I'm taking require just "ten equations" to do an exam - fifty is more like it. Allowing us to use cheat sheets allows the teachers to make exams that actually test us on how to use and think about the equations, rather than how well we've memorized them. This is something that no cheat sheet could ultimately help you with, but having one lets you worry about more important things than the exact form of the equation you ought to be using. No, when the semester ends I don't remember all fifty plus equations with complete precision, but I do remember their important features and how to use them.[/QUOTE] Engineering student, I would say that you approach the matter the best way possible. Unfortunately, many students (including myself at times) do not think the way you do, and we may use a cheat sheet to bail us out of a bad grade on an exam. I understand that professors may have to provide background material (and possibly equations) for very difficult exam questions. In fact, I have had exams in which professors give entirely new equations we had not before seen during the semester: We had to apply our understanding of all the course material to solve the problem. Exams like this are great alternatives to allowing cheat sheets. My problem with a cheat sheet is that it gives a student incentive to maximize its utility, which can trade off with the student's long-term understanding of the material. Even though you and many students use cheat sheets in the best way possible, I feel that the systems in place should promote exercise of BOTH memory and critical thinking skills as much as possible.
Physics major
December 31, 1969, 7:00 pm
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Ernest, as a engineering student I'd expect you to know that it's pretty much impossible to get through certain physics exams without some reference material. In Physics 361/362, for example, there is such an overwhelming amount of complex equations that there is really no way to memorize all of them in all of their forms. And working them out from a couple given ones is not an option -- the time on the exam should be spent solving problems, not deriving equations that you've already seen. That equates to rote memorization, and costs time and effort which is much better spent on learning how to use the equations. I have had physics courses which did not use reference sheets -- Physics 411/412, for example. But that professor opted to make a more conceptual exam, with more emphasis on understanding the implications of an equation, rather than using them for complex problems. This is totally fine. If this is how a professor wants to do an exam, it's reasonable to expect students to come in with knowledge of a few fundamental formulas. But for the more common "here are six problems with four parts each, and you need a different equation for each part" exam, it's ludicrous to ask students to memorize every formula that may come up.
Virgil
December 31, 1969, 7:00 pm
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I love that the writer is on the discussion board defending his article . . . are there any other DP writers who do this, instead of allowing themselves to get trashed by everyone?
Ernest Gomez
December 31, 1969, 7:00 pm
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[QUOTE id="d42091a5-b9c2-4029-87f8-aa5d771a4367"]I love that the writer is on the discussion board defending his article . . . are there any other DP writers who do this, instead of allowing themselves to get trashed by everyone?[/QUOTE] I'm pretty sure others do, I just like to respond because the comments section can be a good forum for discussion.
Ernest Gomez
December 31, 1969, 7:00 pm
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[QUOTE id="f4f15c05-956a-405e-a543-8507f18591d9"]Ernest, as a engineering student I'd expect you to know that it's pretty much impossible to get through certain physics exams without some reference material. In Physics 361/362, for example, there is such an overwhelming amount of complex equations that there is really no way to memorize all of them in all of their forms. And working them out from a couple given ones is not an option -- the time on the exam should be spent solving problems, not deriving equations that you've already seen. That equates to rote memorization, and costs time and effort which is much better spent on learning how to use the equations. I have had physics courses which did not use reference sheets -- Physics 411/412, for example. But that professor opted to make a more conceptual exam, with more emphasis on understanding the implications of an equation, rather than using them for complex problems. This is totally fine. If this is how a professor wants to do an exam, it's reasonable to expect students to come in with knowledge of a few fundamental formulas. But for the more common "here are six problems with four parts each, and you need a different equation for each part" exam, it's ludicrous to ask students to memorize every formula that may come up.[/QUOTE] Physics student, Thank you for mentioning this - personally I've never taken an exam where I feel that a cheat sheet was absolutely necessary (i.e. it is impossible to know the equations by heart without a problem), but the feasibility of my suggestions is definitely worth discussing. If there really are too many variations of an equation for students to remember, professors can just give the couple necessary forms of it next to the question instead of having students make their own cheat sheets. However, I would still contend that with enough practice, any student can eventually commit any number of equations my memory without it being "rote memorization." In fact, deriving an equation is not even memorization - it's forcing a student to understand the concept. If one understands an equation enough to derive it, I doubt that he or she would need it written out for them on an exam.
Ernest Gomez
December 31, 1969, 7:00 pm
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[QUOTE id="f4f15c05-956a-405e-a543-8507f18591d9"]Ernest, as a engineering student I'd expect you to know that it's pretty much impossible to get through certain physics exams without some reference material. In Physics 361/362, for example, there is such an overwhelming amount of complex equations that there is really no way to memorize all of them in all of their forms. And working them out from a couple given ones is not an option -- the time on the exam should be spent solving problems, not deriving equations that you've already seen. That equates to rote memorization, and costs time and effort which is much better spent on learning how to use the equations. I have had physics courses which did not use reference sheets -- Physics 411/412, for example. But that professor opted to make a more conceptual exam, with more emphasis on understanding the implications of an equation, rather than using them for complex problems. This is totally fine. If this is how a professor wants to do an exam, it's reasonable to expect students to come in with knowledge of a few fundamental formulas. But for the more common "here are six problems with four parts each, and you need a different equation for each part" exam, it's ludicrous to ask students to memorize every formula that may come up.[/QUOTE] Physics student, Thank you for mentioning this - personally I've never taken an exam where I feel that a cheat sheet was absolutely necessary (i.e. it is impossible to know the equations by heart without a problem), but the feasibility of my suggestions is definitely worth discussing. If there really are too many variations of an equation for students to remember, professors can just give the couple necessary forms of it next to the question instead of having students make their own cheat sheets. However, I would still contend that with enough practice, any student can eventually commit any number of equations my memory without it being "rote memorization." In fact, deriving an equation is not even memorization - it's forcing a student to understand the concept. If one understands an equation enough to derive it, I doubt that he or she would need it written out for them on an exam.
engineering major
December 31, 1969, 7:00 pm
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Ernest, you obviously fail to understand the whole purpose of a cheat sheet. It is not "to allow professors and their assistants to minimize surveillance duties during exams." (was this a joke???) Just because it has the word "cheat" in it doesn't mean it's about cheating. If you were to ever take a math or engineering class at Penn, you would realize that the whole point of these classes are to LEARN CONCEPTS AND SKILLS, NOT MEMORIZE INFORMATION. Forced memorization takes away from real learning. Real learning is not spitting out what is told to you, but using the information available to come up with your own solution. Forcing students to pointlessly memorize material takes the emphasis away from actual learning and back to elementary-school style spoonfeeding.
Puritanical Rightwing Nutjob
December 31, 1969, 7:00 pm
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Damned if I can remember the proper form for a 4x4 homogenous transformation matrix. I can't. What axis? Which sign? I don't remember. I certainly know what it does. Heck, I can even tell you how it does it without breaking a sweat, but if I didn't have my cheat sheet handy, I'd be working at about 25% efficiency deriving the damn thing from first principles each time I need to use in any specific case. In real life (my example applies to software I write for a research project I'm working on), you get to whip open a reference manual, or an table of integrals, or a listing of Laplace transforms, and do your job without being hung up on tiny details.
The Truth
December 31, 1969, 7:00 pm
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Are you kidding me????? Is this article a joke? Just because youre a drone and enjoying memorizing copious amounts of facts instead of actually learning the material, does not make you more of an intellectual. Rather, it makes you a moron who can get by simply by memorizing rather than actual learning. You try to pretend you are somehow intellectualy superior to the rest of the penn students, but I think anyone who reads your dribble every week can tell you that contrary to what youd like us to believe, you actually epitomize the superficiality of this school.
Ernest Gomez
December 31, 1969, 7:00 pm
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[QUOTE id="a7dce2a8-cd10-43d1-a435-cfdd22e16551"]Are you kidding me????? Is this article a joke? Just because youre a drone and enjoying memorizing copious amounts of facts instead of actually learning the material, does not make you more of an intellectual. Rather, it makes you a moron who can get by simply by memorizing rather than actual learning. You try to pretend you are somehow intellectualy superior to the rest of the penn students, but I think anyone who reads your dribble every week can tell you that contrary to what youd like us to believe, you actually epitomize the superficiality of this school.[/QUOTE] You're misunderstanding my argument. I'm saying that in addition to understanding material, it would be beneficial to be independent from a reference sheet to recall the information. Additionally, nowhere in that article did I imply that I enjoy "memorizing" over "actual learning." I'm saying that the pressure of having to know information by heart can compel students to understand it better. It's not about spitting out facts, it's about knowing your stuff so well that you don't need a cheat sheet to recall your understanding of the material. I never implied that I'm more intelligent than any Penn students. Apparently I'm a "drone" and a "moron" and I "epitomize the superficiality of this school." I guess if there is "superficiality" that you can ascribe to the University, you're above that? I don't think I'm the one who's been asserting intellectual superiority. I also don't write "every week." Understand the article and get your facts straight before you throw around personal attacks.
Engineering student
December 31, 1969, 7:00 pm
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I don't know how it works for other subjects, but for a well-designed test in engineering or physics, cheat sheets are often necessary. It's rare that the classes I'm taking require just "ten equations" to do an exam - fifty is more like it. Allowing us to use cheat sheets allows the teachers to make exams that actually test us on how to use and think about the equations, rather than how well we've memorized them. This is something that no cheat sheet could ultimately help you with, but having one lets you worry about more important things than the exact form of the equation you ought to be using. No, when the semester ends I don't remember all fifty plus equations with complete precision, but I do remember their important features and how to use them.
Penngineer
December 31, 1969, 7:00 pm
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Ernest, I completely disagree. Not once have I finished an exam and thought, "Wow, I did great because of my cheat sheet." It's all about problem solving skills, and you can't put that on a piece of paper. Plus, in the real world, you have loads of reference books and textbooks at your discretion when problem solving.
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